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- Network Working Group S. Hardcastle-Kille
- Request for Comments: 1485 ISODE Consortium
- July 1993
-
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- A String Representation of Distinguished Names
- (OSI-DS 23 (v5))
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This RFC specifies an IAB standards track protocol for the Internet
- community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
- Please refer to the current edition of the "IAB Official Protocol
- Standards" for the standardization state and status of this protocol.
- Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- Abstract
-
- The OSI Directory uses distinguished names as the primary keys to
- entries in the directory. Distinguished Names are encoded in ASN.1.
- When a distinguished name is communicated between to users not using a
- directory protocol (e.g., in a mail message), there is a need to have
- a user-oriented string representation of distinguished name. This
- specification defines a string format for representing names, which is
- designed to give a clean representation of commonly used names, whilst
- being able to represent any distinguished name. Please send comments
- to the author or to the discussion group <osi-ds@CS.UCL.AC.UK>.
-
- Table of Contents
-
- 1. Why a notation is needed...................................... 1
- 2. A notation for Distinguished Name............................. 2
- 2.1 Goals......................................................... 2
- 2.2 Informal definition........................................... 2
- 2.3 Formal definition............................................. 3
- 3. Examples...................................................... 6
- 4. References.................................................... 6
- 5. Security Considerations....................................... 6
- 6. Author's Address.............................................. 7
-
- 1. Why a notation is needed
-
- Many OSI Applications make use of Distinguished Names (DN) as defined
- in the OSI Directory, commonly known as X.500 [CCI88]. This
- specification assumes familiarity with X.500, and the concept of
- Distinguished Name. It is important to have a common format to be
- able to unambiguously represent a distinguished name. This might be
- done to represent a directory name on a business card or in an email
-
-
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- Hardcastle-Kille [Page 1]
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- RFC 1485 Distinguished Names July 1993
-
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- message. There is a need for a format to support human to human
- communication, which must be string based (not ASN.1) and user
- oriented. This notation is targeted towards a general user oriented
- system, and in particular to represent the names of humans. Other
- syntaxes may be more appropriate for other uses of the directory.
- For example, the OSF Syntax may be more appropriate for some system
- oriented uses. (The OSF Syntax uses "/" as a separator, and forms
- names in a manner intended to resemble UNIX filenames).
-
- 2. A notation for Distinguished Name
-
- 2.1 Goals
-
- The following goals are laid out:
-
- o To provide an unambiguous representation of a distinguished
- name
-
- o To be an intuitive format for the majority of names
-
- o To be fully general, and able to represent any distinguished
- name
-
- o To be amenable to a number of different layouts to achieve an
- attractive representation.
-
- o To give a clear representation of the contents of the
- distinguished name
-
- 2.2 Informal definition
-
- This notation is designed to be convenient for common forms of name.
- Some examples are given. The author's directory distinguished name
- would be written:
-
- CN=Steve Hardcastle-Kille, OU=Computer Science, O=University
- College London, C=GB
-
- This may be folded, perhaps to display in multi-column format. For
- example:
-
- CN=Steve Hardcastle-Kille,
- OU=Computer Science,
- O=University College London,
- C=GB
-
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- Hardcastle-Kille [Page 2]
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- RFC 1485 Distinguished Names July 1993
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-
- Another name might be:
-
- CN=Christian Huitema, O=INRIA, C=FR
-
- Semicolon (";") may be used as an alternate separator.
-
- CN=Christian Huitema; O=INRIA; C=FR
-
- In running text, this would be written as <CN=Christian Huitema;
- O=INRIA; C=FR>. Another example, shows how different attribute types
- are handled:
-
- CN=James Hacker,
- L=Basingstoke,
- O=Widget Inc,
- CN=GB
-
- Here is an example of a multi-valued Relative Distinguished Name,
- where the namespace is flat within an organisation, and department is
- used to disambiguate certain names:
-
- OU=Sales + CN=J. Smith, O=Widget Inc., C=US
-
- The final example shows quoting of a comma in an Organisation name:
-
- CN=L. Eagle, O="Sue, Grabbit and Runn", C=GB
-
- 2.3 Formal definition
-
- A formal definition can now be given. The structure is specified in
- a BNF grammar in Figure 1. This BNF uses the grammar defined in RFC
- 822, with the terminals enclosed in <> [Cro82]. This definition is
- in an abstract character set, and so may be written in any character
- set supporting the explicitly defined special characters. The
- quoting mechanism is used for the following cases:
-
- o Strings containing ",", "+", "="or """, <CR>, "<",
- ">", "#", or ";".
-
- o Strings with leading or trailing spaces
-
- o Strings containing consecutive spaces
-
- There is an escape mechanism from the normal user oriented form, so
- that this syntax may be used to print any valid distinguished name.
- This is ugly. It is expected to be used only in pathological cases.
- There are two parts to this mechanism:
-
-
-
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- Hardcastle-Kille [Page 3]
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- RFC 1485 Distinguished Names July 1993
-
-
- 1. Attributes types are represented in a (big-endian) dotted
- notation. (e.g., OID.2.6.53).
-
- 2. Attribute values are represented in hexadecimal
- (e.g., #0A56CF).
-
- The keyword specification is optional in the BNF, but mandatory for
- this specification. This is so that the same BNF may be used for the
- related specification on User Friendly Naming [HK93]. When this
- specification is followed, the attribute type keywords must always be
- present. A list of valid keywords for well known attribute types
- used in naming is given in Table 1. This is a list of keywords which
- must be supported. These are chosen because they appear in common
- forms of name, and can do so in a place which does not correspond to
- the default schema used. A register of valid keyworkds is maintained
- by the IANA.
-
- Only string type attributes are considered, but other attribute
- syntaxes could be supported locally. It is assumed that the
- interface will translate from the supplied string into
- PrintableString or T.61.
-
- The "+" notation is used to specify multi-component RDNs. In this
- case, the types for attributes in the RDN must be explicit. The name
- is presented/input in a little-endian order (most significant
- component last).
-
- When an address is written in a context where there is a need to
- delimit the entire address (e.g., in free text), it is recommended
- that the delimiters <> are used. The terminator > is a special in
- the notation to facilitate this delimitation.
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- Hardcastle-Kille [Page 4]
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- RFC 1485 Distinguished Names July 1993
-
-
- <name> ::= <name-component> ( <spaced-separator> )
- | <name-component> <spaced-separator> <name>
-
- <spaced-separator> ::= <optional-space>
- <separator>
- <optional-space>
-
- <separator> ::= "," | ";"
-
- <optional-space> ::= ( <CR> ) *( " " )
-
- <name-component> ::= <attribute>
- | <attribute> <optional-space> "+"
- <optional-space> <name-component>
-
- <attribute> ::= <string>
- | <key> <optional-space> "=" <optional-space> <string>
-
- <key> ::= 1*( <keychar> ) | "OID." <oid>
- <keychar> ::= letters, numbers, and space
-
- <oid> ::= <digitstring> | <digitstring> "." <oid>
- <digitstring> ::= 1*<digit>
- <digit> ::= digits 0-9
-
- <string> ::= *( <stringchar> | <pair> )
- | '"' *( <stringchar> | <special> | <pair> ) '"'
- | "#" <hex>
-
- <special> ::= "," | "=" | '"' | <CR> | "+" | "<" | ">"
- | "#" | ";"
-
- <pair> ::= "
- <stringchar> ::= any char except <special> or "
-
- <hex> ::= 2*<hexchar>
- <hexchar> ::= 0-9, a-f, A-F
-
- Figure 1: BNF Grammar for Distinguished Name
-
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- Hardcastle-Kille [Page 5]
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- RFC 1485 Distinguished Names July 1993
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- Key Attribute (X.520 keys)
- ______________________________
- CN CommonName
- L LocalityName
- ST StateOrProvinceName
- O OrganizationName
- OU OrganizationalUnitName
- C CountryName
-
- Table 1: Standardised Keywords
-
- 3. Examples
-
- This section gives a few examples of distinguished names written
- using this notation:
-
- CN=Marshall T. Rose, O=Dover Beach Consulting, L=Santa Clara,
- ST=California, C=US
-
- CN=FTAM Service, CN=Bells, OU=Computer Science, O=University
- College London, C=GB
-
- CN=Steve Hardcastle-Kille, OU=Computer Science, O=University
- College London, C=GB
-
- CN=Steve Hardcastle-Kille, OU=Computer Science, O=University
- College London, C=GB
-
- 4. References
-
- [CCI88] The Directory --- overview of concepts, models and services,
- December 1988. CCITT X.500 Series Recommendations.
-
- [Cro82] D.H. Crocker. Standard of the format of ARPA internet text
- messages. STD 11, RFC 822, University of Delaware,
- August 1982.
-
- [HK93] S.E. Hardcastle-Kille. Using the OSI directory to achieve
- user friendly naming. RFC 1484, Department of Computer
- Science, University College London, July 1993.
-
- 5. Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
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- Hardcastle-Kille [Page 6]
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- RFC 1485 Distinguished Names July 1993
-
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- 6. Author's Address
-
- Steve Hardcastle-Kille
- ISODE Consortium
- P.O. Box 505
- London
- SW11 1DX
- England
-
- Phone:+44-71-223-4062
- EMail: S.Kille@ISODE.COM
-
- DN: CN=Steve Hardcastle-Kille,
- O=ISODE Consortium, C=GB
-
- UFN: S. Hardcastle-Kille,
- ISODE Consortium, GB
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